- 435 members in the House (fixed at that number in 1929)
- Each district represents approx. 690,000 people for correct apportionment
- Each state guaranteed a minimum of 1 seat in the House, so ratio not always perfect
- House is reapportioned based on census
- Malapportionment is unconstitutional (Wesberry v Sanders ; Davis v Bandemer)
- Gerrymandering (drawing district boundaries for political advantage) does happen and isn't necessarily unconstitutional
depends on whether the courts feel that the boundaries disenfranchise or violate the equal protection clause
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Alternatives to the traditional gerrymandering-style of redistricting
- nonpartisan redistricting
see figure 12-3 on p.420
- "minority-majority" districts
All Congressional districts must be drawn so that they comply with the Voting Rights Act of 1965. They must not intentionally disenfranchise voters nor violate the equal protection clause.
Perks & Privileges for Members of Congress
- franking privilege
- permanent professional staff
- privileges and immunities under the law (Article I Section 6)
